Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells, and is a common form of treatment for pancreatic cancer. It can be used in any stage of pancreatic cancer, but is most commonly used in advanced stages, according to the American Cancer Society. Medications can also be used to treat pain associated with the spread of cancer and to control the growth of the disease.
Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
Gemcitabine, or Gemzar, is a drug known as an anti-metabolite; it interferes with cell DNA and RNA, and stalls cell growth and stops replication. This drug is typically given intravenously over a half hour, according to the American Cancer Society. Common side effects include lowered white and red blood cell counts (which can lead to increased risk of infection and anemia), nausea, vomiting, fatigue and fever. During treatment, you will have blood tests to monitor your kidney function, since this drug can cause changes in your liver or kidneys. Frequent blood tests can find any changes early, before damage is done.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
5-Fluorouracil, or 5-FU, is an anti-metabolite chemotherapy drug. It is usually given intravenously over five to 10 minutes, 20 to 60 minutes, or continuously over 22 to 24 hours for one to four days, according to the American Cancer Society. Common side effects include lowered white blood cell count, nausea and vomiting, mouth and lip sores, hair loss, diarrhea, increased sun sensitivity, and darkening of the skin and nail beds. Another side effect is hand-foot syndrome, which can cause pain, swelling, blistering, and redness on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Irinotecan (Camptosar)
Irinotecan, also known as Camptosar, is a topoisomerase I inhibitor chemotherapy drug. It inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase I, which cells need to divide properly. When this enzyme is blocked, it affects cell DNA and leads to cell death. This drug is typically given intravenously over an hour. Major side effects include diarrhea (which can be severe), nausea and vomiting, increased white blood cell counts, hair loss, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and weakness. Other side effects of irinotecan can include mouth sores and blood clots in the legs, as well as dizziness.
