ADHD, or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is a condition characterized by inattention and impulsive behavior. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry estimates that 3 to 5 percent of children are affected by this disorder. More males than females are afflicted by this condition. The disorder usually is first diagnosed in early childhood, and if left untreated, symptoms can continue into adolescence. Many teens display some of the symptoms seen with this disorder; however, ADHD teens experience impairments in many areas of functioning for a significant amount of time.
Hyperactivity
The ADHD teen may have difficulties at school, lose school work or turn in messy work, may blurt out answers in class or have a hard time taking turns. Hyperactivity manifests itself as talking too much, always being on the go and restlessness. Impulsiveness is one of the key features of ADHD that may manifest as reckless behavior. A teen may drive too fast, get into accidents or steal without thinking of the consequences of his behavior. He also may be argumentative with parents, teachers and peers. ADHD teens often interrupt the conversations of others and appear intrusive and rude. As a result, they often have a hard time with social interactions and with making and keeping friends.
Inattention
Adolescents with ADHD often have serious difficulties at school and at home caused by inattention. Parents become frustrated because chores are not done when asked and the child seems to have her mind on other things. Forgetfulness, trouble concentrating and focusing, distractibility and lack of organizational skills are also symptoms of this disorder. She may forget to bring her lunch or homework to school.
Difficulty in following the rules of a game or activity is another symptom. The ADHD teenager may initiate a project or assigned task but abandon the work before it is completed. Such teens often have trouble maintaining good study habits, and grades tend to suffer. Some will stop attending school and eventually drop out altogether.
Other Symptoms and Behaviors
A teenager with ADHD who has not received treatment is at risk of developing low self-esteem, academic difficulties, frustration and isolation. These problems can follow him into adulthood. According to Karen Stern, a program manager with the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, untreated ADHD can lead to serious disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Later, the individual may exhibit antisocial behaviors such as lying and stealing, vocational problems, substance abuse and violence. While there is no cure for ADHD, early intervention and treatment can improve a teen's chances of recovering from this treatable disorder.
