Herpes simplex virus causes a variety of symptoms and additional complications besides the trademark blisters and ulcers which commonly form. The two types of the virus are herpes simplex one and two. Type one generally affects the oral area including the mouth, lips and nose. Herpes simplex type two is known as genital herpes and is a sexually transmitted disease. There is no cure for the viral infection. The virus may cause recurring outbreaks or the virus may lie dormant in the body's nervous system. Complications vary from person to person but can affect people of all ages.
Pregnancy and Infants
A mother infected with genital herpes with an active outbreak may transmit the virus to the newborn infant during delivery. The newborn comes in contact with the virus as it travels through the birth canal. An active outbreak does not have to be present for transmission to occur. According to the National Institutes of Health, between 60 and 80 percent of newborns who acquire the virus come from mothers with no symptoms or history of infection. A variety of abnormalities or complications can occur including brain damage, blindness or even death for the newborn. About two-thirds of newborns who do not receive treatment die. Even with treatment, many will suffer from extensive brain damage.
Eye Infection
According to The Mayo Clinic herpes simplex infection of the eye causes scarring of the cornea. Infection of the eye is known as herpetic keratitis. The cornea is the clear, transparent tissue covering the front of the eye. Herpes simplex in the eye is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. Symptoms of herpes infecting the eye include painful tearing, soreness, blurred vision and light sensitivity. A cornea transplant may be necessary.
Brain Infection
Herpes can lead to complications in the brain such as meningoencephalitis or encephalitis. Though rare, the brain infection is caused by the virus transported to the tissue, membranes and cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include confusion, seizures, and fever---the infection can be fatal.
Proctitis
Proctitis is a common complication in men who engage in receptive anal intercourse and also carry the herpes virus. The perianal and anal area become infected. Symptoms include painful ulcers, bloody discharge and moderate to severe pain. Eight-five percent of people diagnosed with proctitis are also diagnosed with genital herpes, according to Johns Hopkins.
