Interstitial cystitis, or IC, is an inflammation of the bladder that causes pelvic and abdominal pain. The condition is marked by a frequent and urgent need to urinate. Interstitial cystitis is more common in women than men, affecting 3 to 8 million women in the United States, according to the Interstitial Cystitis Association. There is no cure for IC, but treatment can be effective in relieving symptoms.
Medicines
Pentosan is the drug most often used for the treatment of IC. Pentosan is thought to work by coating the inner lining of the bladder, helping to heal the cells of the bladder wall. It might take up to 6 months to achieve the full benefit from the drug. Pentosan use must be ongoing to prevent a relapse of the condition.
Valium can be used to help relax muscles in the area, and control spasms.
Tricyclic antidepressants are sometimes used in low doses to alleviate pain and spasms.
Oxybutynin chloride is a medication that is used to control the bladder spasms that contribute to frequent and urgent urination.
Antihistamines may be used to help reduce the effects of possible dietary allergic triggers.
Diet
Diet can have an influence on IC, so certain foods and substances should be avoided. Urologychannel.com describes spicy, sugary, and acid forming foods as problematic. Dairy products may be irritating to some with IC. Eliminating condiments and alcoholic beverages can also reduce symptoms.
Bladder Distention
Some patients receive benefit from a procedure that stretches the walls of the bladder. Anesthesia is given, then either gas or fluid is inserted into the bladder, causing it to distend.
Bladder Instillation
This treatment involves inserting a catheter into the bladder and infusing a drug called dimethyl sulfoxide, according to Merck Manuals Medical Library. The drug is then held in the bladder for 15 seconds.
Bladder Retraining
Bladder retraining is usually part of a comprehensive plan to alleviate the symptoms of IC. This method involves trying to hold the urine for increasing lengths of time. This helps stretch the bladder, and establishes more regular voiding times. Bladder retraining can reduce the symptoms of urgency and frequency.
Surgery
Surgical procedures for IC are usually only done when other options have failed. Electrical nerve stimulation, cystoscopy or laser surgery are sometimes used if the pain of IC becomes severe.
