Heroin is an illegal drug of abuse that's synthesized from an extract of the opium poppy. It can be smoked, snorted or injected, and its use can lead to both psychological and physical addiction. The effects of heroin withdrawal may often begin within several hours of discontinuation and may last for months. Symptoms are most often bothersome and debilitating but are generally not considered dangerous, except in rare cases of heavy dependence in users who are also in poor health from long-term use.
Restlessness
Anxiety and irritability are common results of heroin withdrawal. Some users may also experience feelings of restlessness and uncontrollable kicking of the legs, reportedly the reason for the term "kicking the habit." Many who discontinue heroin also experience insomnia, which may last for a long period after quitting the drug. Symptoms of withdrawal such as these may be reduced somewhat by remaining in a stress- and stimulus-free environment for several days.
Body Aches
Because heroin is an opiate-type medication, similar to morphine, it blocks pain receptors in the body when used. When the drug is discontinued, pain receptors are exposed and various types of pain may be experienced. Some report generalized body aches and feelings of illness; others notice pain in more specific areas. Muscle and bone pain, headache and lower backache are common experiences of heroin withdrawal. Some patients may continue to experience pain for several months following discontinuation. Over-the-counter pain medications may help alleviate some of these symptoms.
Chills
Body chills resulting in the development of goose bumps--also known as turkey flesh--is a common result of heroin withdrawal and the reason for the term "cold turkey." Excessive sweating is also a common complaint; particularly night-time sweats that may persist for several weeks or months following discontinuation of heroin.
Gastrointestinal Complaints
Heroin users often experience constipation, and diarrhea is a frequent result of withdrawal. It may be severe, so stay hydrated by increasing fluid consumption. Nausea, vomiting and a loss of appetite are also common symptoms of opiate withdrawal. Medication may be used under the advice of a physician to manage some of these symptoms.
Cravings
Heroin withdrawal often results in feelings of panic and an extreme craving for the drug. Though anxiety and panic may subside after several days, many former heroin users may continue to have cravings for the drug for months or even years following withdrawal. Consultation with a physician may provide some relief. Participation in a well-designed recovery program may help manage cravings on a short- and long-term basis.
