The meninges cover the brain and spinal cord. A virus, fungus or bacteria can cause an infection or inflammation of the meninges, referred to as meningitis. The viral form of the infection is milder in nature and is more common in children under the age of five, according to TeensHealth.org. A viral infection will naturally run its course, but a bacterial infection requires immediate medical attention and antibiotic therapy. The symptoms of meningitis are the same for all types, but the bacterial infection causes the most severe symptoms.
Fever
Most often, the first symptom associated with a meningitis infection is a high fever. The fever may reach over 103 degrees Fahrenheit and last for several days, even after treatment begins. Chills can accompany the fever.
Headache
A severe headache is a symptom of meningitis. The headache may begin mild and grow in intensity, over a couple of days. The symptoms associated with meningitis, such as a pounding headache, mimic symptoms of the flu, notes the Mayo Clinic. Over-the-counter medications might help the headache, but they may not completely relieve the pain.
Stiff Neck
A classic symptom of meningitis is a stiff neck, also called meningismus, explains MedlinePlus. When the stiff neck accompanies a headache and fever, physicians immediately suspect meningitis. The stiff neck loses the ability to flex normally during the infection.
Nausea and Vomiting
Some adults experience nausea and vomiting with meningitis. This nausea and vomiting may occur as a side effect from the severe headache. Once the headache eases, the nausea and vomiting may end, as well.
Photophobia
Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, may occur in adults with meningitis. Staying indoors in dimly lit rooms may help decrease the discomfort associated with photophobia.
Neurological Changes
As the infection progresses, meningitis may cause mental changes in adults. Most often, these changes appear as confusion or an inability to concentrate. The confusion follows several days of fever, says the Merck Manuals of Health Information. An additional neurological symptom associated with meningitis includes possible seizures.
Fatigue and Sleepiness
Many adults suffering from meningitis feel fatigued. This fatigue does not resolve with rest or sleep. Sleepiness can become severe enough that waking an individual up may become difficult. The fatigue can lead to a disinterest in activities, including eating and drinking.
Rash
Some adults may experience a skin rash with meningitis. This symptom is most common for individuals with a viral form of meningitis. The reddened rash may also itch.
