Celiac sprue disease, also called celiac disease or gluten intolerance, is an inherited autoimmune digestive disorder that can affect children and adults. According to the Celiac Disease Foundation, celiac disease affects nearly 1 in 133 Americans. People with celiac disease have a reaction when they eat certain foods containing gluten, which is the protein found in wheat, rye and barley. Gluten reacts negatively with celiac disease sufferers, causing damage to the small intestine. The small intestine is where most nutrients are absorbed, so if it is damaged, malabsorption and malnutrition can occur.
Symptoms
Celiac disease mainly causes digestive problems and symptoms such as intermittent diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain, and upset stomach. Other symptoms include muscle cramps, joint pain, mouth sores and irritability. Symptoms of celiac disease can differ in individuals and few people may have no symptoms at all.
Complications
Malabsorption, which means nutrients are not being absorbed correctly, is the main complication of celiac disease. Weight loss can occur, along with the gastrointestinal symptoms described above. Weakness and fatigue can also occur, along with stunted growth in children. Other complications from malabsorption of nutrients are osteoporosis which is a loss of bone mass and anemia which is a condition when the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Another condition associated with celiac disease is dermatitis herpetiformis. It is a skin rash characterized by blistering and itchy skin caused by intolerance of gluten. It usually affects the areas on the elbow, knees and buttocks. Dermatitis herpetiformis can also cause gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Treatment
There is no cure for celiac disease. Fortunately, celiac disease is reversible and treated completely with a gluten free diet. Following a strict diet can heal the intestinal damage and prevent any other gastrointestinal problems. Fruits, vegetables, meats and dairy generally do not contain gluten and do not cause problems. Grain is the only group that needs to be addressed for this condition. All wheat products including bread, wheat flour, and cereals are restricted. Rice, potatoes, soy, quinoa and beans are allowed. Gluten-free products including bread, cereals, and baked goods have become available at many stores across the country. Celiac disease patients are usually referred to a registered dietitian to help council them identify foods allowed on their diet.
