Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the infectious disease that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, also known as AIDS. It may be transmitted through sexual contact via the mouth, vagina or anus, as well as through sharing needles---a habit common among intravenous drug users such as heroin addicts---or through blood transfusions. HIV typically does not produce major symptoms for 10, 15 or more years, so many people do not know they have it. When first encountered, HIV may produce mild symptoms similar to the flu.
A Rash
One of the first signs of HIV infection may be a rash on the skin, the Mayo Clinic reports. This, like other early signs and symptoms of the infection, may occur shortly after infection. A rash, essentially, is an irritated area of skin that may appear red and will be itchy in most cases. Rashes develop for many reasons. However, if a rash occurs shortly after having unprotected sex or sharing a needle with someone, it may indicate HIV infection.
Fever
As with a common cold or the flu, HIV infection may cause a fever. Most people have a body temperature of approximately 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit/37 degrees Celsius, although this varies slightly from person to person. A higher temperature may indicate a fever. Again, this early symptom may be difficult to connect with being exposed to HIV.
Pain
HIV infection also may produce pain shortly after exposure. It is not major pain but can affect you by making your throat sore or giving you a headache. The Mayo Clinic reports that these and other early signs of HIV infection tend to manifest approximately two to four weeks after exposure.
Lymph Nodal Swelling
Lymph nodes, which are part of the immune system, work to fight infections. Because the HIV infection attacks the immune system, these areas may become swollen within a month of exposure.
