Ritalin, known generically as Methylphenidate, is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Ritalin also treats symptoms of narcolepsy, a sleep disorder associated with uncontrollable and sudden episodes of falling into a deep sleep.The National Institute of Mental Health recognizes ADHD as one of the most common childhood disorders and categorizes it into three types. Ritalin is one of the primary methods of treatment for ADHD and can be used in combination with other therapies.
Therapeutic Effects
Although classified a "stimulant," Ritalin effectively calms children with ADHD, according to NIMH. Therapeutic effects of the drug involve an increased attention span, decreased hyperactivity and impulsiveness, as well as improved social interaction in children. The child will also benefit in a school environment from improved focus for learning and working. Narcoleptics on Ritalin will experience diminished fatigue and increased mental alertness.
Side Effects
Most frequent side effects associated with Ritalin are difficulty sleeping, restlessness, tremors and hyperactivity. Increased blood pressure and increased heart rate may occur. Loss of appetite or weight loss can occur, and it may suppress a child's growth with long-term use. Speak with your doctor if your child is not gaining weight or is losing weight. Long term use can also cause psychological or physical addiction. Your doctor can temporarily stop the use of Ritalin to decrease dependence and assess progress for the treatment.
Other Effects
Less frequent side effects can include dizziness, headache, blurred vision and irritability. Do not drive or operate machinery if you experience these side effects. Also constipation, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting are possible but uncommon effects. If a child has a history of any seizure disorders, the use of this drug can increase episodes of seizures by lowering the threshold. Tell your doctor of any pertaining previous medical history before taking Ritalin. Keep in mind that concurrently taking any food or beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee and cola, may intensify all the listed side effects.
References
- National Institute of Mental Health: ADHD
- "Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses"; Judith Hopfer Deglin, PharmD; April Hazard Vallerand, Ph.D., R.N., FAAN; 2009
