Gastroenteritis is an abdominal and intestinal problem caused by a viral infection. The condition comes about usually because you have been infected by someone who already has the virus, or because you eat food or drink water that has been contaminated with it. In most people, the Mayo Clinic reports, gastroenteritis is unpleasant, but recoverable. In others, such as those who have problems with their immune systems, the elderly, or infants, the infection can be life-threatening.
Common Symptoms
Nearly everyone who gets gastroenteritis suffers from the same type of symptoms. It is only when these symptoms become severe that they are considered symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. For example, the most common symptoms include diarrhea, pain and cramps in the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, headaches, muscle aches and a low fever. According to the Mayo Clinic, for most people, these will disappear within approximately 10 days. If you fall into one of the at-risk segments of the population---the elderly, the very young or the immune-deficient---these symptoms can become serious problems and continue longer.
Adult Acute Symptoms
In most adults who suffer this more severe form of gastroenteritis, the types of symptoms that should send you to your doctor include: being unable to retain liquids over a 24-hour period, bouts of vomiting for two days or more, and seeing blood in your vomit. Because you most likely will have diarrhea with gastroenteritis, you may become dehydrated, particularly if you have not been able to keep down liquids. Signs of dehydration include being unable to urinate, thirstiness that may become excessive, severe weakness, lightheadedness and dizziness. Blood in your stools is another serious symptom, as is a high fever. Immediately contact a physician if your temperature reaches 104 degrees F.
Acute Symptoms in Children
In babies and young children who cannot communicate their symptoms, there are specific signs that can indicate acute gastroenteritis of which parents and caregivers should be aware. For example, vomiting for more than a few hours, lack of urination for six hours, severe diarrhea, or blood in the feces are all cause for concern. Crying minus the tears, unresponsiveness, excessive sleepiness and dry mouth also are symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. The fontanel or soft are at the peak of a baby's head may appear sunken, as well. For older children, emergency medical help is required for a fever that is 102 degrees F. or higher, or if the child appears unusually irritable and lethargic. Bloody diarrhea also is possible symptom, as is pain and discomfort. Additionally, children may become dehydrated.
