Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a viral infection that is highly contagious. There are two types of herpes. HSV type 1 commonly causes sores on the lips and is often referred to as fever blisters or cold sores, but it can cause symptoms of genital herpes infections as well. HSV type 2 is most often related to infections and symptoms of genital herpes, but can also infect the mouth, according to Herpesonline.org. People infected with HSV might not experience symptoms, or symptoms might be so mild that they go unnoticed. Although people with herpes can be asymptomatic, they can still spread HSV to their partner.
Primary Symptoms
Primary signs and symptoms of HSV 1 and HSV 2 include fever, headache, muscle aches and swollen lymph glands. These symptoms occur as the virus begins to invade the immune system. The HSV virus remains in the body for a person's lifetime. For both types, it is estimated that two-thirds of those infected have no noticeable symptoms or no symptoms at all, states Herpesonline.org.
HSV Type 1
The primary difference between HSV 1 and HSV 2 is the site of infection. HSV type 1 will usually cause outbreaks on the lips or facial area. It is possible to spread HSV from the lips to the genital area of your partner during oral-genital sex. HSV 1 symptoms usually occur within one week of exposure. Symptoms of a cold sore can include pain or tingling in the affected area, which can occur a few days prior to outbreak. Small, painful, fluid-filled blisters on a raised, red area of your skin, typically around the mouth, usually follow, reports the Mayo Clinic. Blisters can take up to two weeks to heal completely. Over-the-counter medications are available to expedite healing. Prescription formulas are also available in the form of topical creams or antiviral medications. Most infections will clear on their own without the need for additional treatment.
HSV Type 2
The initial symptom of HSV 2 is pain or itching in the affected region. Small red bumps, blisters (vesicles) or open sores (ulcers) in the genital, anal or nearby areas usually follow, according to the Mayo Clinic. Open sores can rupture and ooze or bleed until scabs are formed. In women, urination might be painful during an outbreak. HSV 2 is usually diagnosed by a culture or blood test. Treatment can include oral prescription antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir, according to the Mayo Clinic. Your physician might recommend that you take medication only when experiencing symptoms, or as suppressive therapy (daily) to prevent future outbreaks. Condoms may not provide full protection against HSV. The only way to guarantee protection is through abstinence. Your gynecologist will educate you and your partner on how to have a fulfilling sex life while living with HSV.
