For most people, allergies are easily treated with antihistamines and other over-the-counter drugs, but for others, allergies can lead to chronic sinus infections. An allergic reaction occurs when an individual's immune system doesn't recognize a particular substance, such as pollen, pet dander and dust. The immune system releases histamine to ward off the intruding substance, leading to reactions in the body. An allergic reaction typically manifests itself with sneezing, head congestion and other upper-respiratory symptoms. If not treated properly, an allergic reaction can lead to sinus infections.
Facts
Allergies affect between 40 and 50 million of Americans, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI). Although allergies alone do not cause a sinus infection, if the allergic reaction lasts long enough or causes excessive mucus build-up in the sinus cavity, infection can set it and lead to a sinus infection. A sinus infection is caused by inflamed and irritated sinuses that trap liquid in the sinuses. Although sinus infections can develop a number of ways, allergies are one of the most common ways, according to the AAAAI.
Symptoms
Doctor Wellington S. Tichenor, an allergist in New York City, states that allergies leading to a sinus infection will begin with common allergy symptoms such as head congestion, excessive sneezing, hives, watery eyes or scratchy throat. If the allergic reaction goes untreated for an extended period of time, an individual can develop severe head congestion coupled with head or eye pain, thick, yellow nasal discharge and the chills. These are symptoms that the allergies have developed into something more alarming. The individual should seek medical attention.
Treatment
To receive proper treatment, an individual should see a doctor for a prescription of antibiotics, according to the Mayo Clinic. Depending on the person's age and history of antibiotic usage, the doctor may prescribe amoxicillin or another common antibiotic. In addition to the antibiotic, it is recommended to take an over-the-counter antihistamine such as loratadine or cetirizine. Both of these drugs inhibit the body from releasing too much histamine which leads to the allergic reaction in the body. A decongestant such as pseudoephedrine may be suggested as well to reduce the swelling and inflammation in the sinus cavity.
Prevention
According to the AAAAI, prevention is the most effective way to treat allergic reactions. Preventing a sinus infection caused by allergies is to avoid exposure to the allergen. If a person is experiencing common seasonal allergies, she should avoid going outdoors as much as possible. Staying indoors with air conditioning will prevent exposure to outdoor allergens. If the person is allergic to dust, he should consider purchasing an indoor air purifier and maintaining a dust-free home. Taking a 24-hour antihistamine and a decongestant will also help to keep the reaction to a minimum, lessening the chances of developing a sinus infection.
Complications
If allergies lead to a sinus infection, it should be treated as soon as possible. If a sinus infection is left untreated, there is a chance the body will heal itself, but more commonly the infection can spread to other parts of the head and upper-body such as the ears, throat and chest. If the infection spreads aggressively, an individual may have to be hospitalized and treated with high doses of antibiotics, according to the Mayo Clinic.
