The Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus, or scuba unit, consists of a tank, a regulator and a buoyancy control device. Together, these parts of the scuba unit allow divers to remain underwater for extended periods of time to discover the beauty and intricacies of the world below the ocean's surface. The regulator is integral to the scuba unit as it transfers the air from the tank to the mouthpiece, allowing the diver to breathe normally. The regulator also adjusts the pressure of the air in the tank in proportion to that of the water, rendering it breathable. The regulator consists of two stages connected by a rubber hose.
First Stage
The first stage part of the regulator connects directly to the air storage tank of the scuba unit. It is a valve that ensures the pressure of the air flowing out of the tank is of a breathable magnitude. Within this portion of the regulator are pressure chambers that will adjust the pressure allowing air to flow through the hose easily at different water depths. The first stage regulator directs air both through the hose to the second stage, as well as to the pressure gauges located on the tank.
Second Stage
The second stage regulator connects to the mouthpiece, ensuring the air released from the tank approaches the mouth in a breathable way. Valves located within the regulator allow for air to flow when the diver breathes in, and closes when inhaling is complete. Another valve will open during an exhale, allowing the diver to breathe out naturally. An alternate second stage may be built into the mouthpiece to allow air to be shared easily between diving buddies in emergencies.
Tips and Optional Features
Regulators are attached to tanks by either DIN or yoke systems. It is common for DIN tanks to be adaptable to yoke systems, but check for the system most commonly used at your dive sites. Clips and other attachment features can be purchased to keep hoses securely connected to the unit, reducing tangling or disruption of surroundings. Hoses are most likely to become damaged where they attach to the first stage regulator. Consistent hose and regulator maintenance is important to ensure effortless and safe breathing during your dive.
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