Neuropathy is a disorder that results from damage to the nerves caused by excessive alcohol use, diabetes and other conditions. The disorder can interfere with the patient's ability to feel changes in temperature or perform certain functions. The type of neuropathy reflects the nerves affected.
Peripheral Neuropathy
The Mayo Clinic states that peripheral neuropathy is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy, though it can also be caused by toxins, injury and infections. Three types of peripheral nerves can be affected by the disorder: motor nerves, sensory nerves and autonomic nerves. As a result, the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy vary depending on which type of nerves are affected. For example, symptoms from motor nerve damage include a lack of coordination, muscle weakness and paralysis. Sensory symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include gradual numbness, sharp or burning pain and sensitivity to touch. Autonomic symptoms include bowel or bladder problems.
Autonomic Neuropathy
Autonomic neuropathy is a subtype of peripheral neuropathy, in which only the autonomic nerves are damaged. The autonomic nerves control the internal organs of the body, which result in symptoms such as dizziness from a drop in blood pressure, abnormal sweating, sluggish pupil reaction and problems digesting food. Sexual problems are possible, such as erectile dysfunction and vaginal dryness. The patient can also have urinary problems including difficulty starting urination and being unable to completely empty his bladder.
Proximal Neuropathy
Also called radiculoplexus neuropathy, proximal neuropathy affects the nerves near the hips and shoulders, according to the Mayo Clinic. The patient can have severe pain in the hips, buttocks or thigh, and weak thigh muscles. Abdominal swelling is also possible. The proximal neuropathy patient can also have problems standing up and unintentional weight loss.
Focal Neuropathy
Focal neuropathy, also called mononeuropathy, is a sudden form of neuropathy that affects only one nerve. Symptoms of focal neuropathy last for only a few weeks or months, according to the Mayo Clinic. Pain is a prevalent symptom of focal neuropathy, affecting the chest, front of the thigh, shin and foot. Paralysis on one side of the face can also occur. Eye problems such as double vision, difficulty focusing the eyes and pain behind the eye are also symptoms.
