Cigarette smoke is a dangerous substance that contains many chemicals that are harmful to your heart, lungs and other vital organs. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), each year, it is estimated that nearly 443,000 premature deaths occur from smoking or being exposed to secondhand smoke, and close to 8.6 million people have a serious condition caused by long-term cigarette smoking.
Emphysema
Emphysema is one effect of long-term cigarette smoking. The Mayo Clinic explains that emphysema happens when the tiny air sacs in the lungs that help transfer air develop small holes. The more these holes develop and grow, the harder it is for the body to transfer oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream. Emphysema is a component of those diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)--a disease that affects the lungs and respiratory system. Symptoms of emphysema include trouble breathing, wheezing and tightness in the chest. If emphysema goes untreated, complications, such as an increase in the intensity of other conditions (diabetes and heart failure), can occur. If you are already diagnosed with COPD, your condition may require you to use a ventilator to help increase the amount of oxygen you breathe.
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is another effect of long-term cigarette smoking that may accompany emphysema and its symptoms. Chronic bronchitis occurs when the lining of the bronchial tubes--the tubes that transfer air to and from the lungs--becomes inflamed. Bronchitis becomes chronic when these tubes are consistently inflamed and irritated, which is typically caused by long-term cigarette smoking. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are two diseases that help make up COPD and can leave the immune system weak enough for other conditions, such as asthma and pneumonia, to develop. The Mayo Clinic notes that symptoms of chronic bronchitis include fatigue, slight fever, chills and chest discomfort.
Heart Disease
Aside from the effects on the lungs and respiratory system, long-term cigarette smoking can damage the cardiovascular system, as well. Smoking can cause the blood vessels to narrow, making it more difficult for oxygen to get through the bloodstream. The American Heart Association warns that smoking can increase your risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm. These effects often lead to a heart attack or stroke. Heart disease may be prevented by implementing positive lifestyle changes, such as complete cessation of cigarette smoking, maintaining blood pressure at healthy levels and keeping cholesterol levels in check.
