Meningitis is the swelling of membranes which surround the spinal column and brain. It is caused by either a bacterial or viral infection. Though many types of bacteria and viruses can cause meningitis, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that viral meningitis is the most common form. Viral meningitis generally affects children. While it can cause concerning symptoms, there are no prescription medications available to treat viral meningitis. Symptoms may appear quickly after a child has been exposed and usually subside in seven to 10 days in healthy children.
Neck Pain
Viruses which cause meningitis create swelling around the meninges, or membranous sheath, which embraces the spinal column and brain. This swelling can cause pressure and pain at the base of the skull and cause neck muscles to stiffen and become painful. A child who experiences neck pain during viral meningitis may not be able to tilt her chin to her chest without extreme neck discomfort. A child may hold her head perfectly still in an attempt to avoid movement. Neck pain and stiffness may be accompanied by headache and pain in the upper back as well.
Photophobia
Swelling around the spinal column and brain during viral meningitis may trigger a sensitivity to light called photophobia. A child with this symptom may cover his eyes or squint against light or be unable to tolerate bright lights. Photophobia may occur in tandem with headache.
Fatigue
The Meningitis Research Foundation says that viral meningitis can cause a general feeling of illness including fatigue and irritability. A child with viral meningitis may feel sleepy and exhibit a lack of energy or interest in interacting with others. As the disease process progresses, a child may sleep quite a bit as her immune system attacks the virus causing meningitis. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention counsels that antibiotic medication does not treat viral meningitis and supportive care such as bed rest and sleep are effective in helping a child recover.
Lack of Appetite
Some children may experience an aversion to eating while suffering from viral meningitis due to nausea or upset stomach that may accompany the illness. Vomiting may also occur, deterring the desire to eat. Dehydration may also result if fluid intake is inadequate. Offering a child frequent sips of water or electrolyte drinks may encourage hydration; however, if aversion to eating persists and dehydration is a concern, medical attention should be sought.
