Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), also called preeclampsia or toxemia, occurs when a woman's blood pressure is elevated during pregnancy. PIH is most likely to impact women who are first-time moms, have a family history of PIH, are pregnant with multiple babies, are in their teen years, are over 40 or have high blood pressure or kidney disease prior to pregnancy, says the American Pregnancy Association. Symptoms of PIH usually appear in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.
High Protein and Blood Pressure
Urine analysis and blood pressure are checked at each prenatal appointment. A woman with hypertension will have a high level of protein in her urine, and her blood pressure will likely be high, says the American Pregnancy Association. The University of Virginia Health System suggests a high blood pressure to be about 140/90 mm Hg, or just a significant increase over previous readings.
It is also possible to have a racing pulse, mental confusion and an increase in anxiety. These symptoms are attributed to the elevated blood pressure.
Swelling
Water retention (swelling) is a common sign of hypertension. The American Pregnancy Association explains that this is a symptom of mild hypertension. The University of Virginia Health Care System explains that sudden weight gain from swelling is a symptom of serious hypertension.
Head Symptoms
More severe symptoms of PIH include a headache, blurred vision, double vision and sensitivity to light. These head symptoms should be reported to the doctor right away.
Urinary Signs
When hypertension has progressed, a woman may urinate infrequently. This can be a very obvious symptom, because urination is often increased during pregnancy.
Abdominal Discomfort
As a result of the hypertension, the University of Virginia explains that a woman can have pain in the upper right side of the abdomen or other areas near the stomach. This can lead to nausea or vomiting and may be associated with kidney or bladder problems brought on by the hypertension.
