Dry eyes are caused by numerous factors, including medical conditions such as diabetes and Sjogren's syndrome, decreased eyelid function and decreased tear production common in those over the age of 40, particularly women who've gone through menopause. The American Academy of Ophthalmology points out that relieving dry eye symptoms is often insufficient unless the cause is addressed. Dry eyes, which can vary from mild to severe, typically cause no threat to eyesight, says the AAO, but they can be a chronic problem. The most important aspect of treatment is patient education, which includes detailed instructions regarding therapeutic treatment. Because treatment depends on etiology, it's important to note that those described below are not appropriate for every person who suffers from dry eyes; they merely illustrate the types of treatments that a health-care professional may employ.
Topical Treatments
For mild dry eye syndrome, the Mayo Clinic notes that artificial tears purchased at your closest pharmacy or drugstore may be adequate treatment. Some drops have lubricating properties that can be used quite frequently--up to several times each hour (if the drops contain preservatives, the Mayo Clinic notes it's safe to use them only four times a day). Eye ointments can also provide dry eye relief, but as these can blur your vision, these may be best used at night before you go to bed. Prescription steroid eye drops may be advised if eye irritation doesn't respond to artificial tears or other lubricating drops. If dry eyes are the result of blepharitis, which causes the eyelids to become inflamed, use of prescription antibiotic eye drops and ointments may be necessary. Mayo Clinic experts caution that drops containing redness remover should be avoided.
Systemic Treatment
The AAO cites a few instances in which dry eyes may be treated systemically (through oral medication). For example, if dry eyes are caused due to complications of blepharitis, prescription oral antibiotics (such as tetracycline or doxycycline) may be recommended. The risk of dry eyes may be lowered by increasing omega-3 fatty acids in the diet or taking dietary supplements--according to the AAO, omega-3 fatty acids are helpful when addressing increased evaporative tear loss.
Physical Procedures
Surgical procedures may be advised if dry eyes are caused by an anatomic abnormality or incomplete blink pattern, says the Mayo Clinic. Other physical procedures may be used to conserve tears, such the insertion of tiny silicone plugs into the ducts so that tears don't drain away rapidly. A more thorough and permanent method of tear conservation is thermal cauterization, in which a hot wire is used to seal the tear duct shut.
Other
Home remedies and adjustments in lifestyle can enhance dry eye treatment. These include keeping your eyes out of the direct path of an airstream, such as a blow-dryer, air conditioner or car heater, and avoiding cigarette and other smoke. The Mayo Clinic indicates that using an indoor humidifier, particularly in the winter, can also be helpful for dry eyes. Protective eyewear can guard your eyes against the elements. The Mayo Clinic suggests wearing wrap-around sunglasses when in a windy environment. Additionally, special glasses that create a humidity chamber around the eyes can be worn both during the day and at night.
