Dandruff is more than just annoying. Flakes falling from the scalp and hair is embarrassing and off-putting to others. Dandruff is not a result of your lack of personal hygiene. It is a skin disorder caused by the overproduction of skin cells on the scalp. Coal tar shampoo is a popular treatment for more severe cases, softening the scaling and reducing both the development of skin cells and bacteria on the scalp. For those allergic to coal tar, other remedies are equally as effective.
Pyrithione Zinc
Most dandruff shampoos on the market contain pyrithione zinc. An antiseborrheic, pyrithione zinc reduces the production of skin cells on the scalp and, as a result, slows scalp flaking. Shampoos containing pyrithione zinc require daily use. A two- to three-day lapse in use can restart the dandruff-making process.
Selenium Sulfide
More severe cases of dandruff are likely caused by a fungal infection of the scalp. This causes the scalp to react by producing more and more skin cells to fight the infection, leading to flaking, scaling and itching. Shampoos marked "extra strength" or "clinical strength" contain selenium sulfide, which can treat the fungus. Selenium sulfide treats the infection, preventing further growth on the skin. Shampoos available in stores have a 1 percent concentration, while a 2.5 percent concentration is available with a prescription.
Ketoconazole
Another antifungal, Ketoconazole works differently than selenium sulfide. Ketoconazole shampoos, creams, gels and foams change the way the fungus operates, reprogramming its cells to reproduce at a slower and more infrequent rate, eventually eliminating the infection. Shampoos with a 1 percent concentration can be purchased over the counter, while doctors must prescribe stronger solutions.
