The itchy, scaly results of dandruff are embarrassing. White flakes falling from the head are the sign of this skin disorder. For some, dandruff means a dry scalp that produces flakes that fall on shirts, blouses and coats. Those with more severe cases have thick scaling, itchiness and scalp soreness. Dandruff cannot be prevented or cured, but it can be treated.
Pyrithione Zinc Shampoo
Pyrithione zinc is found in the leading name- and store-brand anti-dandruff shampoos. The compound is anti-seborrheic, attacking the source of the dandruff and slowing the production of skin cells on the scalp. This, in turn, slows the scalp flaking. The shampoo must be used frequently, otherwise the anti-seborrheic effect wears off and the overproduction of skin cells will resume.
Selenium Sulfide
Anti-dandruff shampoos carrying the titles of clinical or maximum strength likely have selenium sulfide as an active ingredient. Selenium sulfide shampoos act as an antifungal. More intense forms of dandruff are fungal infections of the scalp. The compound treats the infection and prevents further growth on the skin. Over-the-counter shampoos will have a 1 percent concentration. Doctors may prescribe a selenium sulfide topical cream with a 2.5 percent strength.
Keratolytics
Shampoo made from coal tar or salicylic acid are keratolytics. These specialized shampoos slow the production of skin cells and growth of bacteria on the scalp.
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole is another antifungal medication, dispensed as a, shampoo, cream, gel or foam. A 1 percent shampoo can be purchased without prescription, while anything stronger must be obtained with a prescription. A 200-milligram tablet can also be taken. Ketoconazole is typically the last resort of dandruff shampoos, due to its cost and strength. It functions differently than selenium sulfide, but interrupting the formation of fungal cells on the scalp.
