Dark Discoloration Under The Eye

Although they may be a nuisance, dark circles under the eyes are usually not cause for concern, says ophthalmologist Dr. Merrill M. Knopf, of Long Beach, Calif. And more often than not, as the Mayo Clinic points out, they don't even indicate a lack of sleep. The most common cause of dark discoloration under the eyes is something unavoidable: heredity.

Causes

"The Boston Globe" quotes dermatologists explaining that genetic factors such as the depth of indentations below the eyes, naturally dark pigmentation and blood vessel proximity to the surface of the skin are often at the root of the condition. According to Eye Care Basics, excessively rubbing the eyes is another typical cause, often stemming from tiredness or allergens. Allergens play another role, as do colds and sinus problems, when they trigger nasal congestion. Nasal congestion expands and darkens the veins below the eyes, explains the Mayo Clinic. Other causes of dark undereye circles include the loss of fat and skin collagen that accompanies aging, extra pigment production from sun exposure, smoking and alcohol and caffeine consumption.

Significance

Although dark discoloration under the eyes usually doesn't indicate a medical problem, it can be a sign of something wrong. It might indicate that you're not getting enough quality sleep or that you're developing an illness. Eye Care Basics cautions that dark circles beneath the eyes may be a sign of dehydration or a diet lacking vitamins or protein. The Mayo Clinic also warns that discoloration under only one eye, or that continually worsens, calls for a visit to your doctor.

Prevention

Although hereditary causes are unavoidable, preventative measures can help with other causes of undereye discoloration and can keep the condition from worsening when genes are the source. Eye Care Basics says you should get at least seven to eight hours of sleep each night, drink enough to remain hydrated, eat a diet rich in vitamins and protein and quit smoking. Because alcohol dehydrates and thins the skin, drink in moderation or not at all. Consume caffeinated beverages in moderation as well. Avoid rubbing your eyes, as that can irritate and inflame the skin around them.

Treatment

If you suspect the dark circles under your eyes are part of an allergic reaction, Knopf says that removing the allergen should suffice. A nasal decongestant will help with allergies and other congestion-related discoloration, too, as can washing your sinuses with a saline solution, suggests the Mayo Clinic. Associate professor of ophthalmology Dr. Eric Donnenfeld, from North Shore University Hospital and Cornell Medical College, advises the use of a cold compress for 10 to 15 minutes. Cosmetic concealers are available, too. The Mayo Clinic recommends unscented creams containing vitamins A, E and K and retinol and free of salicylic or glycolic acid. For severe or persistent cases, talk to your dermatologist about other treatments such as laser therapy.

In Children

About Kids Health, the site of the Hospital for Sick Children, cites nasal congestion as the most probable cause of dark discoloration under the eyes in children. Discoloration may also indicate that your child is developing an illness or sinus infection. Large adenoids are another possibility, another indication of which is constant breathing through the mouth only. As with adults, dark circles beneath the eyes are usually not cause for concern in children. But if you can't figure out the cause, or if the condition becomes more prominent, see your pediatrician.