Ligaments are fibrous, elastic bands that hold bones together in a joint. The ligaments stretch and allow the joint to move in different positions. The ankle joint connects the lower leg to the foot and has multiple ligaments working together to move freely. An injury to the ankle causes the ligaments to stretch beyond normal limits and may tear. Symptoms of a sprained ankle include pain, swelling and limited range of motion. Treatment includes rest, ice, compression with a wrap and elevation. An ankle sprain is a common injury that occurs in up to 25,000 people every day, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Falls
A fall from a low height increases the risk of the foot turning under or twisting as it makes contact with the ground. The increased force caused by the fall and the body's weight cause the twist of the ankle joint. When the foot twists or turns beyond the natural position, the ligament injury may occur.
Jumping and Pivoting
Jumping and pivoting on the foot may cause a sprain to the ligaments in the ankle. When jumping, the foot may land on the side of the ankle, either turning it in or out of the foot and stretching the ligaments. A person may feel or hear a popping sound when this injury occurs. Quickly pivoting on the ball of the foot may cause an unnatural twist of the ankle and stretch the ligaments.
Uneven Surfaces
Walking, running or playing on uneven surfaces may cause a fall, or may cause the foot to pivot or twist and cause injury to the ligaments in the ankle. Common areas for uneven surfaces include stepping off a curb into the street or running through a field or yard.
Previous Sprains
Repetitive injury of the ankle ligaments can cause instability in the joint. Improper healing or returning to normal activity before the ankle completely heals increases the risk of re-spraining the ankle. The previous sprains can weaken the outer ligaments of the ankle and with instability in the joint, simple activities such as walking may cause another sprain, according to the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Wearing a support brace or wrapping the ankle while the sprain heals may decrease the possibility of re-injury.
