Hydrocodone is an opiate-type medication that can be used in syrup form for the relief of pain or coughing. Hydrocodone syrup given for the relief of coughing may also contain antihistamines, expectorants or decongestants, while hydrocodone syrup given for pain will contain an analgesic, such as acetaminophen. Because hydrocodone is a narcotic medication, it may cause a number of side effects, some of which may be severe.
Dizziness
Dizziness and light-headedness are common side effects of all forms of hydrocodone, including syrup. These effects may often be decreased by lying down and will likely subside as the patient becomes used to taking the medication. Drowsiness may also occur as hydrocodone is a sedative narcotic-type medication. Extreme changes in mental status, such as difficulty or inability to wake, fainting and slowed or shallow breathing, may be caused by overdose and indicate a need for immediate medical attention.
Nausea
Gastrointestinal complaints such as nausea and vomiting are common side effects of hydrocodone use. Taking the medication with food may reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting, and the patient will likely become used to the medication, resulting in reduced nausea. Hydrocodone may also cause dry mouth, particularly when combined with an antihistamine. Some patients may experience constipation, particularly if taking a form of hydrocodone syrup that contains an antihistamine, such as homatropine or pyrilamine. Unlike nausea, constipation will generally not get better with continued use and may require the use of a laxative to relieve the condition.
Foggy Thinking
Changes in mental functioning, such as confusion or foggy thinking, may occur when hydrocodone is used. Other patients may experience agitation or anxiety, particularly if the hydrocodone syrup also contains a decongestant such as phenylephrine. Most cognitive side effects will lessen with time. Any extreme or persistent problems with hydrocodone use should be reported to a physician.
Potential Addiction
All narcotics, including hydrocodone syrup, may pose a risk for abuse and dependence. Products containing hydrocodone should only be taken as directed by a physician. In some cases, with long-term use of opiates, physical dependence will be developed. If hydrocodone is suddenly discontinued, some patients will develop symptoms of withdrawal, such as flu-like state, diarrhea and anxiety. Hydrocodone is also a known product of abuse, and taking too much of the medication may result in symptoms of overdose such as unconsciousness, difficulty breathing and may result in death. Medical help should be sought if any symptoms of overdose or withdrawal are experienced.
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