A burning sensation in the upper chest that may rise up into the throat and bring a sour taste to the back of the mouth is a sign of acid reflux. It can occur shortly after a meal, especially when lying down or bending over. The pain may only last for a few seconds, but it can be sharp enough to stop you from doing any activity until it passes. Sometimes pain can last on and off for several hours, according to the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG).
Types
Acid reflux is also known as heartburn, acid indigestion, gastroesophageal reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is the most serious form of acid reflux symptoms. Although acid reflux is a common problem that occurs to people once in a while, people who experience it more than twice a week have GERD, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse.
Function
Acid reflux happens when the lower esophageal sphincter opens spontaneously or does not close properly. This allows the stomach contents to move up into the esophagus. The digestive juices, or acids, move into the esophagus, the tube that normally carries food into the stomach. Normally, the lower esophageal sphincter, which is a muscular valve, keeps the acid in the stomach and away from the esophagus.
Effects
The acid reflux symptoms occur when the stomach acids come into contact with the lining of the esophagus for too long, the ACG says. This produces the burning discomfort of acid reflux, which people may experience behind the breastbone and as it eventually moves up into the throat. Sometimes there is a sour taste of acid in the back of the throat.
Prevention/Solution
Avoiding foods that cause acid reflux is one way to prevent or reduce the symptoms, the ACG explains. Some offending foods may include spicy foods, tomato products, chocolate, coffee or alcoholic beverages. But the foods and beverages that cause acid reflux may depend on each individual. Smoking can contribute to acid reflux by stimulating acid production and relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter. Being overweight can bring on symptoms by putting pressure on the abdomen. People who have infrequent bouts of heartburn should avoid lying down for two to three hours after eating.
Considerations
Antacids neutralize stomach acids to prevent or relieve symptoms of acid reflux, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Antacids are available over the counter. Stronger medications available over the counter and in prescription form can reduce the amount of acid the stomach makes. People with GERD should seek medical advice and attention because the disease can damage the esophageal lining over time.
