Oily fish are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Examples of these fish include halibut, mackerel, rainbow trout, sardines, salmon and tuna. Fish oil supplements are an easy way to include these essential nutrients in your diet. Omega-3 fatty acids have benefits for the cardiovascular system, including reducing triglyceride levels, slowing accumulation of plaque in the arteries, and reducing the risk of heart attack, irregular heart rhythm and stroke in people with cardiovascular disease. Fish oil also may be beneficial for people with rheumatoid arthritis, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH).
DHA
Fish oil contains an omega-3 fatty acid known as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Along with benefits for cardiovascular health, DHA is crucial for early development of the central nervous system and vision, as well as for proper functioning of the adult brain. Although the body produces small amounts of DHA, people must obtain an adequate amount through diet or supplements, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC).
EPA
The other omega-3 fatty acid found in fish oil is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Like DHA, this fatty acid has cardiovascular benefits. Fish oil reduces symptoms of depression, and it appears to be the EPA component producing this effect, according to the UMMC. As with DHA, people do not produce enough of this fatty acid naturally and must obtain the rest through diet or supplements.
Vitamins A and D
While fish oil supplements are derived from flesh, fish liver oil, such as cod liver oil, also is available. Fish liver oil contains lower amounts of DHA and EPA than fish oil, but also naturally contains vitamins A and D, which are not provided in the fish oil supplements. Fish liver oil is one of the richest natural sources of vitamin A and D, according to Ray Sahelian, a physician who specializes in natural supplements. These vitamins are essential for the health of bones and teeth, skin, the reproductive system and vision.
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