Shingles is a condition caused by the herpes zoster virus. This virus also causes the chicken pox virus. After recovering from the chicken pox, the virus remains dormant in the body. Later in life, the virus can reactivate and cause painful blisters along a nerve line in the body. This reactivation is the shingles. Medications are available to help decrease the pain and duration of the active virus, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Starting medication at the start of the symptoms is best for decreasing the possibility of complications.
Antiviral Medications
Several different antiviral medications can help treat shingles. These medicines are only available with a prescription from a physician. The purpose of antiviral medications is to shorten the duration of the virus, but they will not cure it. Current medications used include acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir. These medications, administered orally, vary in dosage and frequency. Starting any of the antiviral medications within the first three days of symptoms yields the opportunity to achieve best results, according to the Mayo Clinic. Taking the medicines as prescribed and not missing a dose is best for keeping a steady supply of the antiviral drug in the body. Common side effects for antiviral medications include gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea as well as general discomfort.
Pain Medications
Shingles is a painful condition. The skin tingles and burns before the eruption of blisters. The blisters are extremely painful, and the pain may last after the blisters heal due to nerve damage from the virus. Most people affected by shingles need medications to help cope with the pain. Starting with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as acetaminophen may help with mild pain. Many individuals require further pain management. The physician may prescribe oral narcotic medicines to manage the severe pain. Common side effects of opioid agents include sleepiness and nausea. Individuals need to exercise caution when operating heavy machinery while taking narcotics. Creams, gels, sprays and patches placed directly on the skin may help decrease the pain associated with shingles. Some individuals may respond to using antidepressants or anticonvulsants for pain management, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Corticosteroids
Sometimes shingles may cause blisters to form on the eyes, ears or other areas of the face. Using oral corticosteroid medications such as prednisone may help prevent permanent damage to the face, eyes or ears. Taking corticosteroids may increase the risk of infections.
Antibiotics
At times, the shingles blisters rupture from scratching or friction. Once ruptured, bacteria may enter the open wound. Once a bacterial infection occurs, the skin requires oral antibiotics to cure the infection.
