Alzheimer's diagnosed before the age of 65 is called early onset Alzheimer's. The condition is rare, affecting five to ten percent of people diagnosed with Alzheimer's, according to Dr. Glenn Smith of the Mayo Clinic. Most early onset patients are in their mid 50s when diagnosed; however, some people have been diagnosed as young as 30 and 40 years of age. Many people with early onset Alzheimer's have small children at home and are also responsible for elderly parents. Symptoms are often similar to regular onset Alzheimer's, with some slight differentiations.
Genes
Many people diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's have a family history of the condition. Three genes have been associated with the disease with the most common being a defect in chromosome 14, which is not seen in regular Alzheimer's patients. Having one of the genes makes it highly plausible to develop Alzheimer's before the age of 65. Identifying the genes is performed during genetic testing. The Mayo Clinic highly recommends genetic counseling prior to testing to understand the pros and cons of identifying the gene.
Microscopic Changes
According to The Cleveland Clinic, more microscopic changes are found in the brain of early onset victims than regular Alzheimer's patients. Brain changes are not visible until an autopsy is preformed. Nerve fibers are twisted and plaque formations in the brain cause cells to deteriorate and the brain to shrink. Experts believe because the brain is younger and healthier more damage must occur before traditional symptoms of Alzheimer's are seen.
Traditional Symptoms
Forgetfulness and inability to perform regular tasks at work are commonly seen. Problems with simple mathematical equations, difficulty balancing a checkbook or being unable to drive to a familiar location are signs of Alzheimer's disease. Because the disease affects people during an active period in their life, victims feel depression, frustration and a feeling of powerless. As the disease progresses judgment decreases, communication is difficult and visuospatial skills are impaired. The middle and end stages of the disease are similar to regular Alzheimer's with the patient unable to perform activities of daily living including personal care such as toileting and bathing. Patients eventually become bed bound and are dependent on others for all aspects of care.
