Night terrors are terrifying sleep experiences common in children younger than 7 years old. Characterized by yelling and thrashing about in bed, night terrors are usually are not well remembered after awakening, although feelings of dread can persist. Unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during deep sleep. Most children simply outgrow the tendency for night terrors. In adults, lifestyle factors primarily cause this condition, also known as Pavor nocturnus. The National Institutes of Health advises to contact medical help if night terrors are persistent and threatens to cause injuries.
Anxiety
Generalized anxiety triggers night terrors but psychologists are not sure why. Stress, conflict or tension within the family may instigate a rash of night terrors as well as sleepwalking. Anxiety after a night terror can cause additional attacks as children fear going to bed. Any steps to reduce anxiety in the home, as well as giving children special attention while falling asleep, can lower stress levels. For adults, anxiety from relationship changes or other stressful life circumstances can also trigger this terrifying sleep condition, as reported in a 1996 report published in the "Postgraduate Medical Journal."
Sleep Deprivation
Individuals who seldom go to bed at the same time, or routinely do not get enough sleep, may be at risk for increased night terrors. A 1999 article published in the "Journal of Clinical Psychiatry" suggests that adults who do shift-work, or are constantly sleep deprived due to other factors, not only trigger night terrors, but other sleep troubles too, such as nightmares and terrifying pre-sleep hallucinations. Taking control of sleep hygiene, by getting enough sleep and having regular bedtime hours, reduces this risk profile. Alcohol before bed may also play a role, as it disrupts the sleep cycle in the first half of the night, the period of time night terrors are most commonly reported.
Fever
Sickness and fever may cause night terrors, but the mechanism is unknown. No doubt, fevers affect the quality of sleep, and also alter the sleep-wake cycle, factors which indirectly contribute to night terrors. Calming victims by attending to their primary and emotional needs until they feel comfortable and at peace is the best course of action.
Unfamiliar Sleeping Quarters
Some people experience night terrors when not sleeping in their usual bedrooms according to the Mayo Clinic's review of the causes of night terrors. For children, taking precautions while traveling may include bringing a familiar night-light. Adults who travel often for business may especially be at risk for these unusual experiences due to unfamiliar hotel rooms, jet lag and the emotional exhaustion that comes with traveling.
Mental Instability
Because night terrors are associated with disturbed sleep, insomnia and emotional stress, some underlying mental health conditions may also trigger the experience. A 1992 study in the "Journal of Clinical Psychiatry" found that adults with chronic night terrors are more likely to have a history of mental issues or psychopathology. If night terrors are infrequent, or "once in a blue moon," however, the experience may be better seen as a harmless and normal signal to get some rest, physically and emotionally.
