Mental abuse is the intentional infliction of emotional harm on someone in a relationship. The abused individual may be a child, spouse or intimate partner. Other relationships can also become abusive. It is also referred to as emotional abuse or psychological abuse. Wounds are left on the psyche rather than the body. There are several types of mental abuse.
Threats
One of the most common types of mental abuse is verbal threats. It usually involves threats of harm, such as threatening to kill or physically abuse the individual if a particular act is not performed. A spouse may threaten to kill a woman or her children if she leaves him. A parent may threaten to beat a child if her grades do not improve. Implied threats and fear created by yelling and throwing objects can also constitute this type of abuse; the main criteria is whether the individual fears for her safety due to the words or actions of another.
Demeaning
Demeaning behavior is meant to humiliate the victim. It may involve telling him that he is stupid or worthless. A parent may tell a child that he was a mistake, while an adult may tell another that he doesn't deserve to live. HelpGuide.org explains that an abuser may make fun of the victim's accomplishments in front of others. These actions are usually performed to damage the self-esteem of the victim and make him feel powerless to escape the situation.
Withholding
Withholding of affection is another form of mental abuse. This may involve showing no emotional support for a struggling child. The victim may not receive hugs or encouragement when needed. She may not be told that she is a loved and valued member of her family. She may watch siblings receive praise and toys while she is left out.
Isolating
The perpetrator may attempt to isolate the victim from family, friends and other contact with the outside world. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence defines the act of refusing to allow someone to leave his home as psychological abuse. The adult victim may not be allowed to call his parents, visit with his friends or have a job outside the home. A child victim may not be allowed to form healthy relationships with peers that involve playtime and healthy outings.
Domination
The abuser often dominates the family. She may force others to acquiesce to her every whim. She may have a rigid schedule that must be followed regardless of the needs of the victim. Impossibly high expectations may be placed on the abused person, whether household chores, yardwork or manipulation of others for the ultimate benefit of the abuser. This type of domination is sometimes conducted quietly, leaving those outside the relationship unaware that it is happening.
