A premature birth is one that takes place before 37 weeks of gestation, three weeks or more before the baby's due date. Premature babies can develop a range of health problems, which are more severe the younger the baby is when he is born. In some cases, the cause of preterm labor and premature birth is unknown, but a few risk factors and health issues can lead to a premature baby.
Multiple Babies
A mother carrying twins, triplets or more is at increased risk for preterm labor and premature birth. This may be the result of an overstretching of the uterus, which leaves the mother unable to carry the babies to term.
Lifestyle
Some lifestyle choices are linked to premature birth. Smoking, drinking alcohol and using drugs during pregnancy can all lead to premature birth. Poor nutrition, poor prenatal care and extreme stress are other lifestyle factors that contribute to babies being born too early, according to KidsHealth.
Infections
According to the March of Dimes, there is evidence that some types of infections in the amniotic fluid or fetal membranes can cause premature labor and birth. In these cases, the mother's body responds to the infection by initiating labor. Infections in other parts of the body, such as periodontal disease, may also lead to premature labor.
Maternal or Fetal Diseases
Complications in the health of the mother, such as hypertension, anemia or diabetes, may lead to preterm labor. Medical problems in the baby, such as birth defects or growth restriction, may cause the fetus to initiate premature birth hormonally.
Placental, Cervical and Uterine Problems
Problems with the uterus or placenta can lead to premature birth. Some common problems leading to preterm labor include placenta previa, placental abruption, uterine abnormalities and incompetent cervix.
Doctor-Induced Premature Birth
Sometimes, if the health of the mother or baby is in danger because of problems such as preeclampsia or gestational diabetes, the doctor will recommend early delivery. Typically, this will take place between 34 to 37 weeks gestation, which is considered a late premature birth. Depending on the particular complication, this type of premature birth may involve induced labor or a cesarean section.
Physical Trauma
If a pregnant woman is involved in an accident, domestic violence or otherwise undergoes trauma to her body, this can result in labor starting before the baby is finished developing.
