According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, almost all people who commit suicide have had at least one diagnosable mental disorder; the majority have had at least two. As such, many of the warning signs of suicide are similar to symptoms of mental disorders. Identifying these warning signs among teenagers is particularly challenging since adolescence is a precarious period of life during which changes in mood and behavior are common.
Depression
Adolescence is typically an experimental period during which individuals solidify their identity in an attempt to find their niche in the world. Isolating and a lack of interest in once enjoyable activities are indicative of difficulty or an inability to maintain social relationships. Feeling like an outsider can foster feelings of depression and apathy towards life. Irritability and neglect of personal hygiene also suggest a dissatisfaction with life.
Threats
Talking about suicide is not easy. However, any reference to ending one's life such as, "I want to kill myself" or "I should just kill myself" should not be taken lightly. Such statements may just be sarcasm but it is better not to assume that they are. By addressing these statements, the seriousness of them can be determined. Also, responding to such statements, even if said in jest, provides an opportunity to let others know how much you care about them.
Self-Destructive Behavior
Risk-taking behavior is suggestive of a careless disregard for life. Teenagers may take risks because they feel as though they are invincible or that they will live forever. Behaviors such as alcohol and drug use, theft, speeding or destruction of property may suggest an apathetic feeling about one's life. Frequently engaging in risk-taking despite its negative impact on one's life can lead to suicidal behavior.
Fixation with Death
The Ohio State University Medical Center estimates that 12 to 25 percent of teens think about suicide. Suicide ideation during adolescence can be passing thoughts or something much more serious. Having a plan to end one's life suggests that the idea of suicide is not just a passing thought. Individuals who contemplate taking their own lives may develop an obsession or fixation with death. Thoughts about dying may be expressed through writings or drawings.
Prior Attempts
Although females attempt suicide more often than males, males are more successful in their attempts. According to the Youth Suicide Prevention Program, suicide attempts by females are more likely to result in hospitalization than death. Females generally use less violent methods than men. Suicide among young men is most often by firearms or hanging. Cutting and drug overdoses are methods more commonly employed by young females.
