Frostbite occurs when skin and muscle tissue freezes as a result of prolonged exposure to extremely cold temperatures. Frostbite causes skin to be numb, hard and pale, and typically affects smaller parts or more exposed parts of the body such as fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin. Mild cases can be treated with first aid, however more severe cases will require medical attention to avoid permanent damage or loss of a limb.
First Aid
First aid is the primary line of defense for treating frostbite. If possible, try to protect the skin from further exposure to cold temperatures. Remove any wet clothes and try to gradually warm frostbitten areas. You can do so by slowly exposing the affected area to warm water (between 104 and 107.6 degrees Fahrenheit), covering the area in a warm blanket or clothing and wrapping the area to help insulate the heat. It is still vital to seek medical attention as soon as possible so that your doctor can formally assess any damage or provide any necessary treatment. Should any blisters form, allow them to break on their own. Removing any scabs or breaking blisters can cause infection or additional inflammation.
Temperature Control
If you are recovering from frostbite, it is important to avoid any exposure to cold temperatures or wind. If your skin or muscle tissue was damaged, it is not fully equipped to protect itself against cooler weather. You should also avoid applying direct heat during or after the injury. Introduce heat gradually and in short periods of time. Use a natural approach with warm water, blankets or towels; do not use a heating pad. Keep the affected area covered and protected when you're outside.
Medications
In severe cases of frostbite, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat or prevent the onset of an infection. He may suggest taking NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen for the pain. Applying aloe vera gel to the affected area can help to reduce inflammation and provide the area with a form of natural moisture as it heals.
