Herpes simplex is a contagious virus, affecting millions of Americans every year, according to Herpes Online. Two main types of herpes exist, herpes simples 1 (HSV1) and simplex 2 (HSV2). Herpes simplex 1 causes outbreaks on the mouth, while herpes simplex 2 affects the genitals, buttocks and the cervix (in women). Both infections can be serious for those with compromised immune systems, though the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) notes that they are rarely fatal.
HSV 1 Exposure
Herpes simplex 1 outbreaks are initially caused by exposure to the virus. Kissing, sharing utensils or close contact with an infected person are all ways to contract HSV1. The AAD reports that only 10 percent of those exposed develop sores, however. For those who do exhibit sores, the fluid-filled blisters appear on the face approximately 2 to 20 days after contact with an infected individual. The first signs of an outbreak include itching, burning or tingling. Once the blisters appear, an outbreak may remain on the face for a week or more, though topical medications may help speed healing and reduce their duration. Even after the sores heal, however, the virus remains in the body, moving to nerve cells where it remains dormant.
HSV 2 Exposure
Herpes simplex 2 is more common than simplex 1, affecting up to 20 percent of sexually active adults in America, according the AAD. Initial outbreaks occur when the virus is contracted, generally through sexual contact with an infected individual. The outbreaks cause painful sores or rashes to form on the genitals, though the AAD maintains visible signs may appear in other locations. Other symptoms include burning sensations upon urination, fever and muscle aches. Similarly to HSV1, these signs may occur within 2 to 20 days following exposure.
Causes of Recurrent Outbreaks
No cures exist for herpes simplex 1 or 2 viruses. Recurrent outbreaks may occur due to stress, exposure to the sun, menstruation, stress or for no apparent reason, according to the AAD. Suppressive therapy medicines are recommended for those who experience frequent outbreaks caused by HSV 2, though the Mayo Clinic notes they may also be appropriate for those with fewer outbreaks, due to their safety and effectiveness.
