Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by impulsive behavior, inattention and sometimes hyperactivity. If it is identified early, it can be treated and people can lead normal lives. It can have serious consequences if ignored. Problems such as failure in school, depression, failed relationships or substance abuse may result. The focus is often on children, but the disorder can continue on in adolescence and into adulthood if undiagnosed, according to Children and Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Types
ADHD has symptoms that include problems paying attention or staying focused, difficulty with controlling behavior and being overactive at inappropriate times. It is broken down into three subtypes, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). One type is being predominantly hyperactive and impulsive. There may be fewer symptoms of inattention present. Being predominantly inattentive is a second type. The majority of symptoms reveal inattentiveness, but there may also be hyperactive and impulsive actions at times. The third subtype is a combination of the two other types, in which the person has about the same symptoms of inattentiveness and hyperactivity. Most children with ADHD have the combined type, the NIMH says.
Inattention
Symptoms of inattention include becoming easily distracted and moving from one activity to another, because of an inability to focus on one subject or topic, the NIMH explains. People who are inattentive may not be able to organize well or complete tasks on time. Children very often do not seem to listen when being spoken to, but this can happen to adults with ADHD as well. There may be daydreaming, confusion and difficulty processing information or following instructions.
Hyperactive Behavior
Symptoms of hyperactivity are exhibited through fidgeting or squirming in chairs. Hyperactive people may talk nonstop or suddenly dash around to find something of interest. They may not sit still at the dinner table, at school or at work. They appear to be constantly in motion. Impulsive behavior results in the person seeming to be very impatient. There may be inappropriate comments blurted out at the wrong time or interruption of others' activities. Impulsive behavior causes the person to have difficulty waiting in line.
Complications
Children with ADHD may have other conditions that compound the problem. They may suffer from learning disabilities, defiant behavior or delinquent activity that includes lying, stealing, cheating or fighting. Bipolar disorder, which causes extreme mood swings from high energy to depression, may affect some people with ADHD.
Prevention/Solution
The NIMH says that treating ADHD can relieve symptoms of anxiety and depression. But there is no cure for ADHD. Treatments help people deal with symptoms so they can become successful at school or work and lead productive lives. The symptoms of ADHD may be severe and need to be diagnosed early for successful treatment.
