Alcoholism, also called alcohol dependence, is a serious condition that negatively impacts a person's relationships, vocation, schooling, health and overall functioning. Often the individual attempts to hide his use of alcohol in order to protect his increasing dependence on the substance. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders states that three out of seven criteria must be met over a period of 12 months for a diagnosis of alcohol dependence.
Tolerance
The need to drink greater and greater quantities in order to reach the same effect is the result of tolerance. Tolerance is one of two required criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of dependence on alcohol. A person who can consume large quantities of alcohol with little ill effect has developed a resistance to the drug.
Withdrawal Symptoms
An alcoholic depends on the heavy use of alcohol to get through the day. Withdrawal occurs when alcohol is not consumed and the body begins to suffer the physical effects of its absence. Withdrawal is the second criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of alcoholism. Help Guide describes some of these symptoms as shaking, sweating, nausea and vomiting, headache, irritability, anxiety and depression. The alcoholic then drinks more alcohol in order to relieve these negative symptoms.
Amount of Alcohol
Drinking larger amounts than intended for a longer period of time than planned may be one of the signs of alcoholism. The alcoholic continues to increase his intake of alcohol in the hope that he will experience intoxication.
Attempt to Control
Repeated efforts are often made to cut down or eliminate the use of alcohol. He may try to avoid having alcohol in the home or avoid the places where alcohol is served. These attempts are usually unsuccessful.
Efforts to Obtain
An alcoholic's day revolves around planning, obtaining and drinking alcohol. Friendships are typically based on this mutual activity, and those who don't drink are usually cast aside or forgotten.
Reduced Activities
The alcoholic's life is greatly reduced due to her alcoholism. Activities that were previously enjoyed, such as hobbies and family activities, are no longer important. Friendships and family relationships suffer greatly due to the alcoholic's rejection of these pastimes that were once enjoyed.
Continued Use
Despite the many negative consequences an alcoholic faces; loss of job, family rejection, traffic accidents, legal troubles and health issues, he still continues to drink. Help Guide states that drinking continues even though the alcoholic is aware of its negative impact on his life.
References
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, 2000.
- Healthy Place: What is Alcoholism?
- HelpGuide: Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse
