Herpes is a fairly common viral infection which can be transmitted sexually. This virus can cause skin problems as well as a variety of other complications. Herpes simplex cannot be eliminated by the body's immune system, which means that it can affect infected patients for life.
Herpes Strains
Herpes simplex comes as two different strains, known as herpes simplex 1 and 2. The two strains of herpes simplex can cause the same conditions but have a predilection for different parts of the body. After the initial infection, the herpes viruses are able to remain dormant in the body, which allows the virus to cause a recurring infection. These recurrent infections can affect patients even if they have no initial symptoms.
Herpes Simplex
Herpes simplex, according to the American Academy of Dermatology, is a virus that typically causes sores and blisters on the skin. These lesions typically appear on the mouth, lips, genitals, buttocks and nose, but they can appear anywhere on the body. Herpes simplex 1 typically causes lesions on the face (also known as cold sores), whereas herpes simplex 2 causes genital infections. Either strain of herpes can cause cold sores and genital herpes.
Herpes Simplex Transmission
Herpes simplex is typically transmitted by contact with herpes sores, according to the Merck Manual. In some cases herpes simplex can be transmitted via contact with mucous membranes in the absence of any visible skin lesions. The virus can also pass through the placenta, which means that pregnant mothers can pass it along to their unborn children. This can cause widespread disease in the infant and may result in birth defects and brain damage.
Complications
Aside from the skin problems that an infection with herpes simplex can cause, the virus can also cause certain complications. The herpes virus can infect the eye, leading to a condition known as herpes keratitis. This can cause photosensitivity, pain, discharge and a feeling that there is something in the patient's eye. Herpes can also spread to the brain, leading to herpes encephalitis, which can cause confusion, seizures and a high fever.
Treatment
Although there are no cures for herpes, there are a number of medications that can be used to reduce the severity and duration of herpes outbreaks. Acyclovir, according to the American Social Health Administration, is the oldest antiviral which can be used to treat herpes simplex infections. Other antiviral medications include famciclovir and valacyclovir. These medications can be used to prevent herpes outbreaks and can also be used to make active outbreaks shorter in duration.
