Children often have swollen eyes. Common causes of a swollen eyelid include trauma, infection and allergies. It is important to determine whether the eye itself is affected, so check that the eye is moving in all directions and that there are no foreign bodies on the eye.
Types
Bacteria and viruses are the most common infectious causes of swollen eyelids in children. Both trauma and other upper respiratory infections can precede the swelling. Conjunctivitis or pinkeye, a common infection of the white part of the eye, can lead to swelling of the eyelid. It is usually caused by viruses and initially may start as redness with a whitish or yellowish discharge from the eye.
Significance
Periorbital and orbital cellulitis can also cause eyelid swelling. Periorbital cellulitis is a bacterial infection, usually preceded by sinusitis, in which bacteria infect the skin around the eye, including the eyelid. This condition can worsen and progress into orbital cellulitis in which the infection goes behind the eye, causing an abscess. Periorbital cellulitis requires antibiotics, but orbital cellulitis may need longer term intravenous antibiotics or surgical intervention.
Effects
Direct trauma to the eye can also cause eyelid swelling. In children, common causes of trauma to the eye include pencils and other sharp objects, tree branches and flying toys. Insect bites can cause trauma to the area, especially from mosquitoes and ticks. Even if the eye does not appear to be directly affected, an ophthalmologic exam may be necessary to ascertain there is no traumatic damage to the eye itself. Also, if trauma is the cause of the eye swelling, it is important to irrigate the area with sterile water to remove any debris and minimize the chance for infection.
Considerations
Allergies are another common cause of swollen eyelids. During allergy season, susceptible children can get watery, itchy eyes. Children can also have allergic reactions to medicines, food products and detergents. Frequent rubbing to decrease the itching sensation can result in swelling. Also, children can get allergic "shiners" or dark circles under the eyes as a response to chronic seasonal allergies. These "shiners" can extend to the eyelid, increasing the swelling and inflammation in the area.
Warning
Prompt medical attention is necessary in certain cases of eyelid swelling, especially if trauma is suspected. This is especially true if the swelling is so severe that it completely covers the eye, if the child complains of pain on opening the eye or when trying to move the eye, or if the swelling is accompanied by other symptoms, such as a high fever or loss of vision.
