The ear has three separate portions, commonly referred to as the outer, middle and inner ear. The middle ear is located just behind the eardrum and includes narrow tubes called the Eustachian tubes, which help regulate pressure in the ear. Infections in the ear can be caused by bacteria in the environment.
Forms
Although both the outer and middle pars of the ear can become infected with bacteria, Medline explains that the term "ear infection" typically applies to infection of the middle ear, also known as otitis media. Otitis media is the result of an infection (and subsequent inflammation) of the inner portion of the ear, which includes the ear drum.
Otitis Media Symptoms
A bacterial infection of the middle ear most commonly leads to ear pain, according to the KidsHealth.org. This symptom may be difficult to detect in pediatric patients who have not learned to talk, so parents should be on the lookout for pulling or tugging at the ears coupled with crying. Both adults and children often develop a fever and can experience some hearing loss and dizziness coupled with a headache. A feeling that the ear is blocked is another common symptom.
Ear Infections and Colds
The bacteria that cause otitis media are common bacteria that live in the environment, the Mayo Clinic explains. Ear infections are often preceded by colds or other infections because these can cause fluid to accumulate in the Eustachian tubes. This can give bacteria a place to divide and cause an infection. In addition, colds also weaken the immune system, making it easier for the bacteria to gain a foothold.
Risk Factors
Children (especially those between the ages of two and four) are more likely than adults to develop bacterial ear infection, KidsHealth.org explains. Part of this is because their Eustachian tubes are shorter and more narrow than those of adults, making it easier for bacteria to infect them. The adenoids, which are glands located in the back of the throat, can also block the Eustachian tubes in children, causing fluid to accumulate. Children who go to day-care, are exposed to cigarette smoke or are bottle-fed are also more likely to develop otitis media.
Treatment
In many cases, the Mayo Clinic explains, patients with bacterial ear infections will not be given antibiotics because the infection commonly resolves on its own. Patient's may be given acetaminophen and numbing ear drops to ease the pain. Patients who have had multiple ear infections in he past month or are under six months old may get a prescription for amoxicillin or other antibiotics.
