Unipolar depression, also called major depression, affects 6.7 percent of adult Americans. Is the leading cause of disability in people between ages 15 and 44, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). This type of depression can occur in people of any age and gender. Unipolar depression also tends to run in families and can be triggered by an event, such as divorce. When the depression is treated, the patient has a good outlook for recovery, according to the NIMH.
Symptoms
To be diagnosed with unipolar depression, the patient must have experienced five or more depressive symptoms for at least two weeks. While unipolar depression is associated with sadness and hopelessness, the patient may be angry or discouraged instead, according to the NIH. The patient may also have inappropriate guilt, fatigue or problems concentrating. Other symptoms include sleep disturbances, appetite changes and social withdrawal.
Complications
If unipolar depression is left untreated, it can result in serious health problems. The Mayo Clinic notes that the person has an increased risk of alcohol or substance abuse, as well as heart disease and problems in school. Unipolar depression can also interfere in relationships with other people. People may also develop anxiety, in which they cannot control their level of worry or anxiety. Suicide is a serious concern with unipolar depression. The NIMH states that up to 15 percent of unipolar depression patients die from suicide.
Psychotic Depression
In severe unipolar depression, the patient may have psychotic symptoms. These symptoms include hallucinations and delusions, in which the patient has a break with reality. For example, the patient may hear a voice telling her that she is worthless, which can make her depression worse.
Treatment
A combination treatment of therapy and medication is effective for most patients, according to the NIMH. Medications, like antidepressants, increase the amount of neurotransmitters. For example, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors keep the brain from recycling serotonin. Therapy, like cognitive behavioral therapy, teaches the patient how to reach positively to negative situations. A patient with severe unipolar depression may need to be hospitalized.
Lifestyle Changes
Certain lifestyle changes can help with depression symptoms. The Mayo Clinic recommends exercise every day and getting enough sleep every night. If the patient uses alcohol or drugs, discontinuing use can improve symptoms.
