Depression refers to a group of illnesses that involve negative emotions such as sadness, loneliness, frustration, anxiety and purposelessness that negatively affect your life. Depression is common among adults, more so in women than in men. Regardless of the form, depression is treatable. If you experience one or more symptoms of depression, seek professional help.
Types
Women can develop numerous types of depression, such as major depression (multiple depressive symptoms that affect a woman's usual life); dysthymic disorder (less severe depression that lasts for two years or more); psychotic depression (depression coupled with a psychotic disorder); postpartum depression (depression triggered by new motherhood); bipolar depression (alternating depressive lows and manic highs); and seasonal affective disorder (depression that peaks during certain seasons). Depression can occur at any point in a woman's life.
Symptoms
Symptoms of depression vary in duration, intensity and frequency. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, common symptoms of depression include persistent sad or "empty" feelings, anxiousness, irritability, crying for no apparent reason, body aches, overeating or appetite loss and thoughts or attempts at suicide. Because these symptoms might indicate other physical or psychological disorders, a thorough examination is key toward a proper diagnosis.
Causes
Depression is a complex disorder with many contributing factors. According to the NIMH, women who have family history of depression are more likely to develop the disorder. Brain chemistry also contributes to depression. Scientists are currently studying the impact of women's hormones and brain chemistry to determine the specific causes. However, it is known that women experience greater instances of depression during times of hormonal change, such as adolescence, pregnancy and menopause. Stress and traumatic life events, such as history of abuse or loss of a loved one, also might trigger or exacerbate depression.
Prevalence
Depression is considered a common disorder. Findings published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that 1 in 20 Americans older than 12 suffered from depression in 2005 and 2006. In any two-year period, an estimated 5.4 percent of Americans have the disease, and women and non-Hispanic black individuals develop depression more than other segments of the population. According to the NIMH, an estimated 10 percent to 15 percent of women experience postpartum depression after childbirth.
Treatment
All forms of depression are treatable. According to the NIMH, the first step is to visit your doctor. She will guide you toward proper diagnosis and treatment, which might include individual or group therapy that addresses your thoughts and behaviors, medications and/or alternative therapies, such as meditation or art therapy. Individual psychotherapy and medication are the most common treatment forms currently used to treat depression.
Suggestions
Once you've sought diagnosis and treatment, additional steps can be taken to alleviate recurrent symptoms of your illness and to enhance your overall treatment. The NIMH suggests engaging in activities you enjoy, setting realistic goals for yourself, spending quality time with trusted loved ones and postponing significant decisions when your depression symptoms are peaked. Remind yourself that depression is common and treatable. In time, with proper effort and care, you can live a full and satisfying life.
References
- National Institute of Mental Health: Women and Depression
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Depression in the United States Household Population, 2005-2006, Laura A. Pratt, Ph.D., and Debra J. Brody, M.P.H.; Sept 2007
- National Institute of Mental Health: Depression Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
