Dry eye syndrome occurs when there are insufficient tears to lubricate the eye. It is a chronic condition and can get worse with age, certain diseases or the use of certain medications. Environmental causes such as wind or dust can also cause dry eye symptoms. Since the condition is caused by issues with either the quality or amount of tears or the function of the tear drainage system, the treatments focus on correction of either problem.
Artificial Tears
Artificial tears are eye drops that can be purchased over the counter to increase the amount of tears in the eye and improve the symptoms of the condition. There are many types available--from eye drops to gel formulations. The gel formulations can cause blurring of the vision but relief from the symptoms may last longer. Preservative-free eye drop formulations are popular because they have fewer additvives and may cause less irritation especially if the eye drops are used regularly.
Anti-inflammatory Eye Drops
Restasis eye drops are an ocular cyclosporine formulation that helps the eye increase tear production. This medication is only available by a prescription from an eye doctor. In more severe cases, some doctors may prescribe a short course of steroid eye drops to treat dry eye.
Punctal Occlusion
An eye doctor can also insert small silicone plugs into the drainage channels in the upper and lower eyelids to prevent the tears that are present in the eye from draining out of the eye. These plugs are temporary and can fall out over time. A minor surgical procedure can also be done in the office to permanently close the tear ducts.
Lacrisert
A small insert called Lacricert that is filled with medication (hydroxypropyl cellulose) can also be inserted into the tear duct. The eye medication is continually released from the insert during the day and improves the tear film of the eye. The insert is replaced daily and is applied by the patient at home. Care must be taken with insertion to prevent eye injury.
Other Treatments
Sunglasses can protect the eyes from any environmental factors that might make dry eye symptoms worse. For indoor enviromental concerns, humidifiers can increase the moisture in the air and air filtering machines can remove dust from the air.
