Kyphosis is a disorder characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine, resulting in a back that appears hunched and shoulders that are rounded. According to the Merck Manuals, it is common to have some degree of kyphosis, which results from individual vertebrae leaning forward on one another. Mild kyphosis has no symptoms, and may not be noticeable to casual observers; however, a severe curve of the spine can cause chronic back pain. There are several types of kyphosis.
Postural Kyphosis
This type of kyphosis is a result of bad posture, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Postural kyphosis is particularly common in adolescents due to slouching while sitting or standing. Hyperlordosis may also accompany postural kyphosis. This is a condition in which the normal "backwards C" curvature of the lower spine compensates for the abnormal curvature of the upper spine of postural kyphosis, causing the lower back to curve forward. Maintaining an erect posture often easily treats postural kyphosis, and exercising to strengthen the back muscles helps to maintain good posture.
Scheuermann's Kyphosis
Like postural kyphosis, Scheurmann's kyphosis also often affects adolescents, according to the Mayo Clinic. This type of kyphosis occurs while the bones are growing rapidly, and it is more common in males than in females. Scheurmann's kyphosis causes the vertabrae to appear in the shape of a wedge, which is visible by x-ray. Furthermore, nodes or bumps may form on the vertebrae due to the disk between the vertebrae pushing through the vertebra bone. The exact cause of this type of kyphosis is unknown, but genetic factors likely contribute, as Scheuermann's kyphosis tends to run in families. No treatment is necessary if the curvature is mild, but your doctor may prescribe a back brace to prevent further curving of the spine. As is true for all forms of kyphosis, if the curvature is severe, spinal surgery is an option.
Congenital Kyphosis
The Mayo Clinic reports that this type of kyphosis is diagnosed in infants. The fetus' spine grows abnormally before birth, and the spinal curvature may worsen as the baby grows. In severe cases of congenital kyphosis, the lower body may ultimately become paralyzed. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, this type of kyphosis is genetic, that is, inherited from the parents. It is often associated with kidney problems, which can be diagnosed by an x-ray of the kidneys.
Adult Kyphosis
The Mayo Clinic indicates that there are multiple causes of kyphosis in adults. These causes include osteoporosis, arthritis, connective tissue disorders, cancer, cerebral palsy, and polio. The Maryland University Medical Center adds that some types of injury to the spine and spinal infections may also cause kyphosis.
