Allergies are an exaggerated response to substances perceived as dangerous by the immune system, such as pollen or mold. The most common allergy triggers are dust mites, mold, pollen, pet dander and foods like peanuts and shellfish, though any substance can potentially cause an allergic reaction. Antihistamines and decongestants may help relieve allergy symptoms such as sneezing and nasal congestion, but cthey an cause unwanted side effects. There are a number of herbs to alleviate allergies, some of which may have benefits over pharmaceutical treatments, such as lower cost and fewer side effects.
Stinging Nettle
A perennial herb known for its prickly appearance, stinging nettle can be a helpful ally in the fight against allergies. It contains compounds that inhibit the release of histamine--the chemical largely responsible for causing symptoms like sneezing and nasal inflammation. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, nettle may help reduce itching and sneezing associated with hay fever. It may be helpful to begin taking stinging nettle before the anticipated onset of allergies to allow it to build up in the body.
Nettle may be taken as an extract or powdered supplement in doses ranging from 80mg to 300 mg daily. Side effects may include fluid retention, skin rash and nausea.
Butterbur
Butterbur is among the most effective herbal remedies for seasonal and indoor allergies. It has been used since the middle ages as a remedy for asthma, cough and allergy symptoms and is included in some over-the-counter preparations, including Tesalin and Petadolex. According to the National Institutes of Health, butterbur is as effective as the allergy medication fexofenadine in reducing symptoms of dust mite allergy and seasonal rhinitis. It is believed that butterbur works by inhibiting leukotrienes, which play a role in the immune system's inflammatory response.
Unfortunately, butterbur contains compounds called pyrrolizidines, which can potentially cause cancer and liver damage. To reduce these risks, avoid using butterbur if you have a history of cancer and only buy pyrrolizidine-free brands.
Sida Cordifolia
A mainstay in traditional Indian medicine, sida cordifolia is an excellent remedy for nasal inflammation and congestion. It contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, both of which are effective decongestants. According to the National Institutes of Health, sida cordifolia has anti-inflammatory effects that make it useful for treating allergy symptoms such as nasal inflammation, asthmatic bronchitis and blenorrhea (mucus secretion).
People with a history of heart disease should avoid using sida cordifolia, because it may raise blood pressure and heart rate. Taking sida cordifolia with other stimulants such as caffeine or pseudoephedrine may lead to an increased risk for heart attack, stroke and other cardiovascular side effects.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Stinging Nettle
- National Institutes of Health: A Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of Butterbur and Fexofenadine on Objective and Subjective Outcomes in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis.
- National Institutes of Health: Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic Activity and Acute Toxicity of Sida Cordifolia L. (Malva-Branca).
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