Hydrocodone is an opiate-type medication often used in combination with acetaminophen. It is approved for the treatment of mild or moderate pain. Because it is a narcotic, it may cause dependence when used for a long period of time. When hydrocodone is discontinued after long-term use, it may cause a number of withdrawal effects. Withdrawal symptoms from hydrocodone use are not usually considered dangerous, but they may be extremely bothersome and debilitating. Though most withdrawal effects will subside after a week or so, some symptoms may last for several months.
Flu-like Illness
One common effect of hydrocodone withdrawal is the development of flu-like symptoms. Common flu-like effects may include fatigue, achiness and a general feeling of illness. Unusual sweating, particularly at night may become bothersome, while others may experience chills and goosebumps. Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen may help to relieve some symptoms.
Pain
Hydrocodone is most commonly used as a pain reliever and discontinuing the medication may cause increased levels of pain. Some patients report generalized aches and pain, particularly during the first several days of withdrawal while others may experience headache or backache. Lower back pain may persist for several weeks or months. Over-the-counter pain medications may reduce the occurrence of pain during hydrocodone withdrawal.
Anxiety
Hydrocodone use has a sedating or relaxing effect in some patients. Hydrocodone withdrawal may cause the opposite reaction, resulting in anxiety or agitation. Some patients report a feeling of panic or impending doom and others may experience insomnia. These withdrawal effects are often best managed by remaining in a low-stimulus environment such as a quiet or darkened room.
Diarrhea
Opiate medications such as hydrocodone will often cause constipation, particularly if used for a long period of time. Discontinuation of the medication will often result in diarrhea, which may be initially severe. Diarrhea caused by withdrawal of hydrocodone may last for several weeks or months. In addition, some patient may experience nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Excessive vomiting or diarrhea may result in dehydration and should be managed with adequate hydration. Severe diarrhea may warrant the use of anti-diarrhea medication, if advised by a physician.
Pupil Dilation
Hydrocodone use may cause the pupils to become constricted. When the medication is withdrawn, pupil dilation may occur and some patients may wish to avoid bright or direct sunlight. If sun exposure is required, adequate eye protection, such as dark sunglasses with ultraviolet protection, should be worn.
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