Elderberries are small, dark blue or purple berries that grow in clusters on bushes. They have a tiny edible seed that tends to remain crunchy even when cooked. Unsweetened berries are bitter in taste, and it is generally recommended that they be cooked prior to consumption. The flowers and berries of the elderberry bush are edible; however, the stems, roots, and twigs contain toxins that can make a person very sick and should be avoided. There is also a variety of elderberry that is red in color. This particular variety is considered very poisonous and should be avoided.
Benefits
Elderberries are high in antioxidants, which are associated with a wide array of health benefits. Elderberries are thought to help lower cholesterol, improve vision, boost the immune system and improve heart health, according to HerbWisdom.com. They are used as a remedy for colds and flu, bacterial and viral infections, tonsilitis and coughs. Elderberries have also been shown to have diaphoretic and diuretic properties, meaning that they promote an increase in sweating and urination. There are also some anti-inflammatory properties associated with these tiny berries.
Growing Elderberry Bushes
Elderberry bushes can survive well in most climates and prefer moist, fertile soil. The bushes should be planted in the spring, and berries can be harvested in late August and early September. To ensure that the bushes have plenty of room to take root, they should be planted at least six to ten feet apart. Fruit can be removed from the bushes in entire clusters and should be used immediately or stored in a cool environment for later use. One advantage of elderberry bushes is that they are generally pest free, and plant diseases are not common.
Specifc Uses
The berries are generally gathered and incorporated into pies, jellies, jams, wines and sauces. The flowers of the plant contain flavonoids and rutin, which are known for their immune-boosting properties, according to the USDA Plant Guide. The flowers have also been used to reduce bleeding, congestion and diarrhea because of the tannins they contain. The flowers can be brewed into a tea that can be used to help with a wide variety of conditions that include rheumatism, inflammation of the appendix, and bladder or kidney infections. Externally, all portions of the plant can be utilized to help ease joint stiffness, sprains and bee stings. Flowers steeped in water can also be used externally to help the skin tone and complexion.
Nutritional Value
Elderberries provide a low-calorie fruit option that is high in vitamins A and C. Ounce for ounce, the elderberry contains twice the vitamin C of an apple and almost four times that of a banana. The berries contain zero sugar and are extremely high in fiber. They also boast a fairly high mineral content, especially calcium, phosphorous and potassium.
Side Effects
The fresh elderberry plant does have poisonous properties. The raw berries of a number of elderberry species can be eaten, but some may produce side effects such as vomiting and nausea. When cooked and used properly, there are normally no side effects noticed. There are a number of elderberry varieties and each one is slightly different. According to Elderberries.com, the three most common varieties are the European, American and red-berried elder. American and European elderberries are considered safe; however the red-berried variety is poisonous and it is recommended that this particular variety be avoided. If you consume elderberry products such as extracts or syrups, the dosage directions should be followed exactly, and possible side effects of each product should be researched prior to consumption.
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