Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori is a type of bacteria known to infect the stomach and small intestine. According to the Mayo Clinic, H. pylori can go unnoticed or can cause problems such as stomach ulcers and cancer. Approximately half the population of the world is thought to have H. pylori. The infection rates in the United States are dropping along with the serious side effects of this bacterium.
Symptoms
According to the Mayo Clinic, Helicobacter pylori typically causes no adverse signs or symptoms. If symptoms occur, they may include burning or aching of the stomach, nausea, vomiting, burping more than usual, bloating and loss of weight. Notify a health care provider if any of the following are experienced: severe stomach pain, swallowing becomes difficult, bloody black or tarry stools and bloody vomit that resembles coffee grounds.
Causes and Risk Factors
The Helicobacter pylori bacterium is the cause of the H. pylori infection. According to the Mayo Clinic, the bacteria are spread through saliva, feces and untreated water supplies. H. pylori can get into the body and digestive tract through the mouth. H. pylori are able to live in the stomach where most bacteria are killed by the acidic environment. Poor living conditions can result in the spread of this infection. The bacteria are easily transmitted in areas that are crowded or have no hot water supply.
Treatment
The Mayo Clinic states that a combination of medication, including antibiotics and stomach acid reducing prescriptions, will destroy the bacteria. A followup appointment with a health care provider is necessary to determine that the infection is resolved.
Diagnosis
According to Mayo Clinic, a variety of tests are available to diagnose H. pylori infection. Tests may include blood samples, breath tests, stool tests, biopsies and examination of the colon and stomach by endoscopy procedures. An endoscopy involves inserting a flexible tube with a small camera into the throat or rectum so the health care provider can visualize the internal area.
Associated Disorders
The Helicobacter Foundation states that patients having no symptoms of the H. pylori infections should not be treated unless there is a family history of stomach cancer, abnormal stomach cells are identified or when other family members continue to be re-infected with the disorder. H. pylori can cause duodenal ulcers or ulcers in the upper part of the colon, stomach ulcers, stomach cancer and non-ulcer dyspepsia or chronic upset stomach.
