The frontal lobes of the brain helps control behavior, whereas the temporal lobes of the brain contain many areas that are important for language. Patients who develop frontal temporal dementia have dysfunction in both of these parts of the brain, which can lead to a variety of problems involving speech and written language, as well as problems with engaging in appropriate behaviors.
Types
Pick's disease is one common form of frontotemporal dementia. Patients with Pick's disease develop clusters of a protein called tau in their brain, according to Medline. These protein clusters cause the formation of substances called Pick's bodies, which are formed as a result of abnormal types or quantities of tau. It is not known what causes Pick's disease or how it causes frontotemporal dementia. Two other, less common forms of frontotemporal dementia are called progressive primary aphasia and semantic dementia.
Behavioral Changes
Many of the symptoms of frontal temporal dementia affect the patient's behavior. As the Mayo Clinic explains, patients with this type of dementia may experience problems with acting in socially appropriate ways and may develop a lack of judgment and inhibition. They may also experience apathy or euphoria. Many patients also have declining personal hygiene and may be unaware of these behavioral changes.
Other Symptoms
Frontal temporal dementia also causes changes in a patient's ability to handle language. Patients can have trouble with speaking and understanding other's speech (aphasia) or may have trouble reading and writing. Patients also may have a decreased vocabulary and have trouble finding a word. Some patients will develop echolalia, where they repeat whatever is said to them. Some people with frontal temporal dementia develop muscle rigidity and have problems with muscle coordination and balance.
Diagnosis
One way of diagnosing frontal temporal dementia is via MRI scans that demonstrate atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes. Medline explains that patients who are suspected of this disorder will be given a thorough neurological and psychological exam. Patients may also receive blood testing to help rule out other potential causes of dementia.
Treatment
There are no cures for frontal temporal dementia, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Certain antidepressants such as trazodone can help relieve some of the symptoms. Patients who suffer from agitation or aggressive behavior can benefit from antipsychotic medications. Finally, behavioral modifications can help patients learn to avoid risky or inappropriate behavior.
