Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental illness that causes inattention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. ADHD typically begins in childhood but can continue into adulthood. Additional research and awareness has prompted the creation of multiple medications to treat ADHD. The prescription of medications for adult ADHD is similar to that of children with ADHD, with psychotherapy integrated as a part of overall treatment.
Stimulants
Stimulants help boost and balance neurotransmitters that may be causing the inattention of hyperactive symptoms. In fact, stimulants have a significant effect on inattentive and hyperactive symptoms, according to the Mayo Clinic. At first thought, it may seem counterintuitive to prescribe stimulants for hyperactivity, because they stimulate the central nervous system. However, stimulants have a calming effect on patients with ADHD, states the University of Maryland Medical Center.
There are two forms of stimulants: long-acting and short-acting. Long-acting stimulants last between six and 12 hours. Short-acting stimulants last approximately four hours. Commonly prescribed stimulants include methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Daytrana and Metadate), dextroamphetamine-amphetamine (Adderall), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) and lysdexamfetamine (Vyvanse). Stimulants are generally a safe method of treatment for ADHD, but there are some potential side effects. Mild side effects include insomnia, nausea, decrease in appetite, headache or abdominal pain.
Antidepressant Drugs
Antidepressant drugs help to balance mood-related symptoms, such as irritability or agitation. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) and venlafaxine (Effexor) are two antidepressants commonly prescribed for ADHD. Antidepressant drugs tend to take effect more slowly than stimulants. Insomnia, dry mouth, sweating, anxiety and constipation are all common side effects.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD. Atomoxetine is not habit-forming and is as effective as stimulants, states the University of Maryland Medical Center. Side effects of atomoxetine are similar to those of stimulants but also include decreased libido, sweating and painful urination. Like antidepressants, atoxometine may take longer to take effect than stimulants. Strattera is a common brand of atomoxetine. Because atomoxetine is not a stimulant, the Mayo Clinic indicates that it is an effective option of treatment for a patient who cannot take stimulants for health reasons, has a history of substance abuse or has a tic disorder.
