Abdominal cramping is a common symptom during pregnancy. It is often a harmless reaction to all of the changes of pregnancy, but it can also signal something more serious. Being able to recognize normal abdominal cramping and distinguish it from abnormal cramps is important for pregnancy health.
Timing
Cramping in the abdominal area can occur at any time during pregnancy. Often, in early pregnancy it accompanies the bodily changes that occur due to implantation of the embryo in the womb, the buildup of uterine lining, increased blood volume and the growth of the uterus. In late pregnancy, cramping may accompany the start of labor, stem from hormonal changes or may simply be a result of carrying around so much extra weight.
Minor Causes
Round ligament pain, caused by the stretching of ligaments as the abdomen grows, is a frequent, harmless cause of abdominal cramps. Gas, bloating and constipation are intestinal issues that might lead to belly cramps. A urinary tract infection or gallstones may also cause abdominal pain during pregnancy, and while these do require medical treatment, they aren't generally considered emergencies. In late pregnancy, the practice contractions called Braxton Hicks contractions become a frequent source of abdominal cramping.
Emergency Complications
Severe cramping can be a sign of serious pregnancy complications. In early pregnancy, abdominal cramps can be an indicator of an ectopic pregnancy, when the fertilized egg implants somewhere outside the uterus. It can also be a sign of impending miscarriage. In late pregnancy, a placental abruption may be the cause of abdominal cramping. In a placental abruption, the placenta prematurely comes free of the abdominal wall, depriving the baby of vital nutrients. Preeclampsia, high blood pressure induced by pregnancy, can also cause pain in the abdominal area.
Accompanying Signs
Abdominal cramping that indicates serious problems in a pregnancy is often accompanied by other signs. Bleeding or spotting, fever, chills, vaginal discharge, faintness or lightheadedness, painful urination and nausea that accompany abdominal cramping may signal that something is wrong with the pregnancy and should be brought to a doctor's attention immediately.
Relief
To get relief from minor pregnancy-induced abdominal pain, taking it easy is probably the best advice. Changing position, walking around, taking a warm bath or shower and drinking plenty of fluids are all ways to ease abdominal cramps. For immediate relief, bending toward the area of pain sometimes helps. A warm compress may also ease the soreness.
Preterm Labor
In late pregnancy, it is important to distinguish between harmless Braxton Hicks contractions and signs of labor, since preterm labor can put a baby at risk for many health problems. If cramps occur more than four times an hour or at regular intervals, they may signal the onset of labor. Real labor also won't go away during activity, while Braxton Hicks pains will generally subside if the woman walks around or changes position.
