Abnormal moles on the skin can indicate signs of precancerous growths, but most moles, even atypical ones, never become cancerous, according to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. About half the people diagnosed with melanoma, a potentially fatal form of skin cancer, have many abnormal moles on their bodies. Removal is not always necessary, but an examination by a dermatologist is recommended to avoid the possibility of skin cancer.
Identification
Atypical moles are usually larger than common moles. They have irregular or poorly defined borders and may have notches. They may include a flat portion or fade into surrounding skin. Abnormal moles vary in color and may appear tan or dark brown on pink backgrounds. About one in 10 Americans has at least one abnormal mole, the AOCD says. People with atypical mole syndrome have one or more abnormal moles, one or more moles that are 1/3 inch or larger in diameter and 100 or more moles, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation.
Potential
People with extremely fair skin and heavy freckling are at increased risk for developing abnormal moles or melanoma. Other risks include a family history of atypical moles and melanoma. People at risk should see a dermatologist regularly, especially if atypical moles appear. Regardless of family history, people should have abnormal moles examined because skin cancer can strike anyone. Many people with risk factors have all their moles removed to reduce the risk for melanoma, the AOCD notes. Dermatologists usually recommend the removal of any abnormal mole larger than 1/4 inch.
Types
Actinic keratoses are precancerous moles that appear as small, scaly spots often found on the face, ears, neck, forearms, scalp and backs of the hands, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Melanoma is nearly 100 percent curable if recognized and treated early, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation. However, the cancer can spread quickly to other parts of the body. Most melanomas are black or brown, but some appear skin-colored, red, pink, purple, blue or white and can appear anywhere on the body. Squamous cell carcinoma also needs to be treated early before it can cause extensive tissue damage, the AAD says. They may appear as hard bumps or red, scaly patches on the ears, face, mouth or trunk. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. It grows slowly, but if left untreated it can extend below the skin into the bone and nerves. Basal cell signs may appear as fleshy bumps, nodules or red patches. They often develop on the head, neck, trunk and lower limbs.
Treatment
Precancerous growths are easily treated through freezing with liquid nitrogen, dermabrasion, laser surgery or creams and lotions, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Treatment for skin cancers includes surgical excision, micrographic surgery, electrodessication that uses electrodes to scrape and burn the tumor, freezing techniques and laser surgery.
Prevention/Solution
Fair-skinned people at risk for abnormal moles and skin cancer should avoid sun exposure as much as possible. People who are not at risk, even dark-skinned individuals, can still get skin cancer, the AAD notes. Applying sunscreen, wearing protective clothing in the sun, seeking shade and avoiding tanning beds decreases the risk of skin cancer.
